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Historical and modern research of "Bien Chue” school

Bien Chue (407-310 B.C.) - an ancient Chinese scientist, a skilled doctor, with high moral character. People called him the doctor miracle-worker. He founded four diagnostic methods (examination, listening, study of smells, questioning, and palpation), prepared the theoretical and practical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment in TCM. He was engaged in internal diseases, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, ENT, in clinical practice he used stones and needles for pricking, massage, herbal decoction, hot water bottles, and other methods for treatment.

Traveling across the country, he helped the suffering ordinary people. He also founded the first medical school in the history of TCM - "Bien Chue” school.

After the death of Bien Chue people still admire him. To this day in places where he would come in his lifetime, in the provinces of Hebei, Henan, Shandong and others, there are places named after him: "Bien Chue hometown", "Bien Chue village", "monument to Bien Chue", "Bien Chue Temple", etc. In many places erected monuments to Dr. Bien Chue, opened a museums, where people can express their admiration for the ancient famous doctor. There is also a feature film about the life of Bien Chue. In ancient books are the records that Bien Chue had 10 students. And these days, if the doctor is really skilled, he is often called “Dr. Bien Chue of our time”. Professor Xu Mingtang is the successor to the "Bien Chue" school. He inherited the knowledge of the school and founded Image Medicine of "Bien Chue" school, making a major contribution to public health development.


 
 

1. Mention of Bien Chue in historical records.

At the end of the dynasty of the Warring States (281-233 B.C.), Han Fei - known official in his book tells the story of how Bien Chue served at the court of the Prince of Han Qi Gong. Seeing the prince Bien Chue told him that he had health problem, disease has not yet entered a deep, but if left untreated, it will progress. Prince did not believe him. A few days later Bien Chue again saw Prince and said that his disease has damaged blood vessels and if left untreated, the prince will be bad. Prince again did not believe him and refused his services. Some time passed, Bien Chue again saw Prince, and told him that his illness has struck the stomach and intestines, and if left untreated, it will be life-threatening. Prince was angry and asked Bien Chue went to hell. In five days, seeing Prince Chi Biehn Chue hastily withdrew. Prince was very surprised such his behavior and sent a servant to find out what was wrong. Bien Chue said the disease has struck the bone marrow and nothing can help the prince. A few days later the prince suddenly fell ill and died. This story proves once again skillfulness of Bien Chue in diagnosis.
In the annals of history is mentioned about how Bien Chue diagnose emperor at a glance

Great historian Sima Qian (145-90 B.C.) who lived during the Western Han Dynasty, in the "Historical records" mentioned that when Bien Chue passed through the kingdom of Go, he saw that all people are sad and getting ready for the big funeral ceremony. When he inquired about what was happening, the local residents told him that the princess has been not breathing for half a day and everybody are ready to say goodbye to her. Bien Chue hurriedly went to the palace and diagnosed the princess on the pulse, and found that the princess was alive. Under his leadership, two students made to princess acupuncture session and applied hot-water bottle. Princess alive and Bien Chue continued to treat her. After the second session she fully recovered.

Bien Chue revive princess with help of acupuncture

2. Historical research of "Bien Chue" school.

1. The influence of "Bien Chueh" school in ancient China.

Professor Lee Botson from the Chinese Academy of Sciences wrote a research paper entitled "Study Bien Chue and “Bien Chue” school”. After some investigation, he proved that the "Bien Chue" school really was the first medical course in the history of TCM, arising in the Warring States Period, the Qin Dynasty (300 B.C. - 220 A.D.) and had at that time the greatest influence and the best reputation.
In the Warring States Period and Qin Han Dynasty, there were various medical schools and their followers often shared experiences with each other. There were canons and medical prescriptions, which belonged to exactly this school. In Chinese history, there were many doctors - followers of this school.


Professor Lee Botson

In journal "Medicine and Philosophy" professor Lee Botson published an article entitled "Bien Chue and “Bien Chue” school, a few questions about the history of TCM". The article says that in the Warring States Period and Qin Han Dynasty (300 BC - 220 AD) many written sources and archaeological finds prove:
1. In the period of Warring States and Qin Han Dynasty the proceedings of "Bien Chue” school were the most popular in society.
2. During the Han Dynasty (202 B.C. - 220 A.D.) public opinion considered Bien Chue as all-knowing doctor.
3. During the Han Dynasty the number of doctors in the " Bien Chue " school was much more than in other schools.
4. In the period of Warring States and Qin Han Dynasty among people there were a great number of legends about Bien Chue.

 
China, Province of He Bay, Bien Chue Temple (1268)

2. The research of written sources of "Bien Chue" school.
Bien Chue was founder of the "Bien Chue" school and so the written proceedings of this school attributes to him. "Canon of bright hall Bien Chue" Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.) is an ancient work about the correct location of acupuncture points. In the writings of the Han Dynasty "Art and Literature" (206 BC - 23 A.D.) there are records about the existence of the canons of this trend: "Canon Bien Chue on internal" and "Canon Bien Chue on external". "Recipes of points Chue Bien" – this is a treatise on acupuncture.
 
During the reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 A.D.) followers of "Bien Chue" school wrote "A Treatise on the difficult issues" – this is one of the 4 major tracts of TCM.

In the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 A.D. ) doctors - followers of "Bien Chue" school wrote "Treatise on difficult issues", which described the experience and knowledge of this trend starting with  the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C . - 9 A.D.), and also led him to a new stage of development. "Chinese -Tibetan canon", "The method of internal reflection", "Mirror canon  Bien Chue" – this is written proceedings of Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589 B.C.) related to “Bien Chue” school. "The Book of the heart Bien Chue" – is the work of this school of the Song Dynasty (960 -1279 B.C.).
"The Book of the heart Chue Bien" – the work of the school of the Song Dynasty (960 -1279 B.C).

China, Shan Xi province, the Bien Chue temple (1600)


 
 
3. Research about physicians of “Bien Chue” school.
In Chinese history, there were many famous doctors - representatives of "Bien Chue" school.

Chun Yi and his disciples were followers of "Bien Chue" school during the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C. - 9 A.D.).
Chun Yi recorded data about all patients and published “Collection of medical records”.
Chun Yi and his disciples were followers of the “Bien Chue” school during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC – 9 AD). In the “Historical Records” is a record about Bien Chue:
Medical theory and treatment methods of Bien Chue were very systematic and effective, Bien Chue followers studied just these methods, they should not have to change these practices, but simply follow them. Chang Gung (Chung Yi) was very successful in this practice.

Fu Wen, Cheng Gao, Guo Yu – were doctors of "Bien Chue" school during Eastern Han Dynasty (25 -220 AD). "The Book of the last Han" describes: "There was an old man who loved to fish on the river bank. No one knew his name, and he was called Pei Wen (Pei - the name of the river, Van - the old man). This man was a folk healer, he was able to skillfully put needles and heal patients. He has written two books: "The Canon of Acupuncture" and "Method of pulse diagnosis". Cheng Gao was a student of Fu Wen. "The Book of the last Han" describes: "Cheng Gao was in search of a few years, until he was accepted by Fu Wen. Gao did not want to be famous and to be an officer, he was a popular doctor and his student became official. Thus we see that they were doctors from the people. Guo Yu was a student of Cheng Gao. "The Book of the last Han" describes: "Guo Yu in his youth studied medicine and Taoist practice in Chen Gao, in 80-105 A.D. he was the Minister of Health. He has achieved excellent results in the treatment".



Hua Tuo and his students U Lu, Fan E, and Li Dan were doctors-adherents of “Bien Chue” school of the period of Warring States Dynasty (220-280). Hua Tuo is the author of "China-Tibetan canon", he first started use the anaesthetic to patients and do surgery, and also came up with a health complex "Games of five animals". "Pharmacopeia of U Jin" and "Pharmacopeia of Lee Dan" – it was works of  followers "Bien Chue" school on medicinal herbs.
A set of exercises "Games of five animals".

In the history of medicine there are so many famous and successful scientists, there are so many doctors from the people. In the history of Traditional Chinese medicine the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589) was the most prolific on number of doctors, on known generations of doctors and the number of written works. From 7 generations of the family Xu came 12 famous doctors, among them Xu Daodu, Xu Venbo, Xu Chenbo, Xu Dzhitsay, Xu Dzhifan. They served in the Imperial palace and studied at the Imperial School of Medicine, highly respected by emperor.

The first doctor in the family Xu was Xu Xi, who loves the art of Lao Tzu and the Yellow Emperor, the retirement in the mountains. One day Taoist monk passed by him and asked him for water for drinking, leaving him with a pumpkin, he said, "Let your kids use this thing in a pumpkin to save other people, it will be a decent reward”. Xu Xi opened the pumpkin and found in it the "Mirror canon Bien Chue”. Since then, he has devoted himself to the study of medicine and later in life became a famous doctor.
Starting with the Tang Dynasty (618-907), representatives of "Bien Chue" school becomes less. During the Jin Dynasty (960-1279) was another historic turning point in medicine, again, there was the development of the school. For example, a respected physician Xu Xi has specialized in the treatment of diseases with help of acupuncture and he cured the Emperor, for which he received large gifts from him and told him that went to pray and thank their teacher Bien Chue.
In the period of Song Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Shen Zones and Jae Sohn (1068 - 1100) a famous doctor Pan An said: "If compare the works of the Yellow Emperor and Bien Chue, it can be said that over the world the most profound knowledge had Bien Chue" (record "Song Stories, Biography of Ana Pan").
During the Southern Song Dynasty (1127 -1279 ) Dow Tsai was born in a family of doctors and studied with traditional healers, based on his knowledge and experience of 40 years he wrote the "Book of the heart Chue Bien" (1146 B.C.).
Over the years, the activities of the followers of "Bien Chue" school is becoming less prominent, and followers are lost among the people, become mentors for a narrow circle of students, transfer the knowledge to sons inherited or carry there knowlege to the grave.



 
 
A set of exercises "Games of five animals".

3. Modern research of "Bien Chue" school.

China, Shen Si province, Bien Chue memorial (1983)

1. "The method of internal reflection" and "Mirror canon of Bien Chue".
The modern scientist and Professor Peng Dzinshan after researching the book "The method of internal reflection", wrote that the four diagnostic methods (inspection, listening and study of odors, questioning, and palpation) may be a matter of life and death. The diagnostic method is called "the method of internal reflection", as with it, as in a mirror you can see the internal organs and their condition and learn all about the disease.
2. Xu Mingtang and Image Medicine of Bien Chue.
Professor Xu Mingtang

Professor Xu Mingtang is the modern successor to "Bien Chue" school, scholar and teacher. He inherited the knowledge of the school and founded Image Medicine of "Bien Chue" school, independent system of diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Bien Chue Image Medicine is based on creative thinking, takes as a model - Jing (substance), Qi (energy) and Shen (information), uses the images for diagnostic and image changing for treatment.

Professor Xu Mingtang makes a report at Beijing University of Chinese medicine

Professor Xu Mingtang speaker at conferences on the pulse diagnosis

Professor Xu Mingtang speaking at the International Conference on the pulse diagnosis

International conference on creative thinking and "Bien Chue" pulse diagnosis



 
 
3. Bien Chue pulse diagnosis.
Professor Xu Mingtang is the modern successor to "Bien Chue" school.  He first generalized knowledge of pulse diagnosis of this school and said that pulse diagnosis has 3 levels: the pulse beating, pulse energy and pulse image. The image of the pulse – is the highest level of diagnostics. Through this pulse diagnosis it is possible directly receive information and image of health state, determine the location and nature of the disease. At the beginning of pulse diagnosis session doctor palpate by fingertips the patient's pulse and the feeling under fingers are converted in the brain to images of the location and nature of the disease. With help of image you can see the psychological, physical and emotional state.
4. The significance of "Bien Chue" school.
Professor Xu Mingtang is the successor to "Bien Chue" school, he continues to share the secret knowledge of TCM to the world, returning hereby, the ancient stream of TCM - school "Bien Chue" former glory. He healed many people with intractable diseases, he is currently conducting lectures in more than 26 countries around the world. He made a great contribution to the development of health care.

MONUMENTS to Bien Chue

   
Bien Chue makes a session of pulse diagnosis
Bien Chue’s tomb (Shen Si)
Bien Chue’s tomb (Shen Si)
Film "Wonderful Dr. Bien Chue" 1985
Ten students of Bien Chue (1)
Ten students of Bien Chue (2)


The article by Lee Jun

PhD
Certified Doctor of TCM
Image Medicine researcher




 
 
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